Photonicat 2 多出口与故障切换

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适用 / Applies to Photonicat 2, photonicatWrt 26.04.x + pcat-manager-web 2026-06 及以后版本 / Photonicat 2, photonicatWrt 26.04.x with pcat-manager-web builds from 2026-06 onward

Photonicat 2 同时拥有有线 WAN、WiFi 中继（Smart WAN）和 4G/5G 蜂窝三类出口。本页解释它们如何排定优先级、断线时如何自动切换、仪表盘指示灯的含义，以及排障方法。

The photonicat 2 has three egress classes at once: wired WAN, WiFi relay (Smart WAN), and 4G/5G cellular. This page explains how they're prioritized, how failover works, what the dashboard indicators mean, and how to debug it.

中文说明

优先级：路由 metric 链

故障切换完全由路由 metric（数值越小优先级越高）决定——所有出口可以同时在线，流量始终走 metric 最小的可用出口：

出口 接口 metric 说明
有线宽带 wan (eth0 / pppoe-wan) 1（IPv6 别名 wan_6 随主接口） 最高优先级
WiFi 中继 (Smart WAN) wan_wifi / wan_wifi_v6 5 / 6 次优先
5G 蜂窝 wwan_5g / wwan_5g_v6 10 / 11 兜底
LTE 蜂窝 wwan_lte / wwan_lte_v6 12 / 13 兜底（LTE 模组）
  • 插上网线 → 有线立即接管（metric 1 最小）。
  • 拔掉网线 → 有线路由消失，流量自动落到 WiFi 中继；WiFi 也没有 → 蜂窝。全程无需人工干预。
  • WiFi 连上了但没有互联网（如未登录的酒店门户）：Smart WAN 的联网探测会把 wan_wifi 的 metric 临时调到蜂窝之后——上网流量走蜂窝，WiFi 链路保持连接供你登录；探测恢复后自动还原。详见 Photonicat 2 Smart WAN 智能上网。

与 pcat-manager 的关系

固件自带的 pcat-manager 默认只跟踪有线 wan（eth0）：有线一断，pcat-manager 的策略会自动开启蜂窝网络，跳过 WiFi 中继，破坏上面的 metric 切换链。因此启用 Smart WAN 时，管理程序会自动把 pcat-manager 的规则切换为系统默认；关闭 Smart WAN 时自动还原。

仪表盘指示

  • 首页拓扑图只点亮当前真正承载流量的出口（而不是"接口在线"）——有线/WiFi 中继/蜂窝一目了然。
  • 同时显示 WiFi 信号强度与当前网络模式；多出口在线时 WAN 图标为组合图标。
  • LAN 绿点只在存在可用出口时点亮。

排障

ip route show default          # IPv4 默认路由及 metric（可能有多条，走 metric 最小者）
ip -6 route show default       # IPv6 同理
ip route get 1.1.1.1           # 当前实际选择的出口
ifstatus wan_wifi | head       # Smart WAN 接口状态
logread | grep -i wifi_wan     # Smart WAN 巡检/切换日志
  • 流量走了蜂窝但 WiFi 明明在线 → 查 ip route show default：若 wan_wifi 的 metric 被调高，说明门户探测判定该 WiFi 无法上网。
  • 切换后个别应用卡住 → 长连接（VPN、SSH）绑定旧出口地址是正常现象，重连即可。

English

Priority: the route-metric chain

Failover is driven purely by route metrics (lower wins). All uplinks can be up simultaneously; traffic always takes the lowest-metric available route:

Egress Interface Metric Role
Wired broadband wan (eth0 / pppoe-wan) 1 (IPv6 alias wan_6 follows) top priority
WiFi relay (Smart WAN) wan_wifi / wan_wifi_v6 5 / 6 second
5G cellular wwan_5g / wwan_5g_v6 10 / 11 fallback
LTE cellular wwan_lte / wwan_lte_v6 12 / 13 fallback (LTE modems)
  • Plug in ethernet → wired takes over instantly (metric 1).
  • Unplug it → the wired route vanishes; traffic falls to WiFi relay, then to cellular if no saved WiFi is reachable. No manual action.
  • WiFi associated but no internet (e.g. an unauthenticated hotel portal): Smart WAN's connectivity probe temporarily demotes wan_wifi below cellular — internet traffic uses cellular while the WiFi stays associated for you to log in; the metric is restored on recovery. See Smart WAN.

Interaction with pcat-manager

Stock pcat-manager only tracks the wired wan (eth0): when it drops, pcat-manager policies would enable cellular network, skipping WiFi relay and defeating the metric chain. So while Smart WAN is enabled, the manager automatically switches pcat-manager rules to default routing rule and restores them when Smart WAN is turned off.

Dashboard indicators

  • The topology lights only the egress actually carrying traffic (not merely "interface up") — wired / WiFi relay / cellular at a glance.
  • WiFi signal strength and the current network mode are shown; WAN icons composite when several uplinks are up.
  • The LAN green dot requires a live egress.

Debugging

ip route show default          # IPv4 default routes and metrics (lowest wins)
ip -6 route show default       # same for IPv6
ip route get 1.1.1.1           # which egress is actually selected right now
ifstatus wan_wifi | head       # Smart WAN interface state
logread | grep -i wifi_wan     # Smart WAN reconcile/failover logs
  • Traffic on cellular while WiFi looks fine → check ip route show default: a raised wan_wifi metric means the portal probe judged that WiFi offline.
  • An app hangs right after failover → long-lived connections (VPN, SSH) pinned to the old egress address must reconnect; that's expected.

Photonicat 2 Smart WAN 智能上网 ｜ Photonicat 4G/5G 家庭网络备份 ｜ Photoincat 2 IPv6 PPPoE

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